Botany bay
Upon arrival at Botany Bay, there was very little fertile soil and fresh water due to the fact that it was now the middle of Summer. Based on this discovery, Captain Phillip decided to head North with a few crew members to find a better spot to set up a colony. It was this voyage that had led them to the crystal clear waters of a protected harbour that we now know as the large city of Sydney. Captain Phillip had decided to name this beautiful harbour after Lord Sydney, the British Home Secretary.
On the 26 January 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip along with a group of officers and marines had landed in Sydney Cove and had now pronounced New South Wales as a British colony with the raising of the Union Jack flag.
Upon arrival at Botany Bay, there was very little fertile soil and fresh water due to the fact that it was now the middle of Summer. Based on this discovery, Captain Phillip decided to head North with a few crew members to find a better spot to set up a colony. It was this voyage that had led them to the crystal clear waters of a protected harbour that we now know as the large city of Sydney. Captain Phillip had decided to name this beautiful harbour after Lord Sydney, the British Home Secretary.
On the 26 January 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip along with a group of officers and marines had landed in Sydney Cove and had now pronounced New South Wales as a British colony with the raising of the Union Jack flag.
First Fleet Timeline to Australia -
13 May 1787 :
The First Fleet sailed from Portsmouth, England. There were eleven small ships in the First Fleet: two naval ships, six convict ships and three store ships for supplies. Captain Arthur Phillip was in charge of the fleet
On board were about 1300 people: 722 convicts including 17 child convicts, the soldiers who were to guard them, soldiers' wives, sailors, and ship's officers.
3 June 1787 :
Arrived at Tenerife in the Canary Islands, stayed a week and took on supplies of fresh food
5 July 1787:
Crossed the Equator
7 August 1787:
Arrived at Rio de Janeiro, stayed for a month repairing sails, collecting plants and seeds to be grown in New South Wales.
13 October 1787:
Reached Table Bay (now CapeTown), Cape of Good Hope after surviving tremendous storms in the Atlantic Ocean. Stayed a month, and took on livestock (horses, sheep, goats).
25 December 1787:
The Fleet was is now in the middle of the Indian Ocean.
1 January 1788:
Adventure Bay, Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania)
18 January 1788 :
Arrived at Botany Bay after sailing south of Van Diemen's Land, then north to New South Wales. It was decided that Botany Bay was not a suitable site for the settlement because water supply and soils were poor. The Fleet sailed on.
26 January 1788 :
The members of the First Fleet went ashore at Port Jackson to start a settlement. Arthur Phillip named the place of landing Sydney Cove, after Lord Sydney, an official who had helped to organise the voyage.
13 May 1787 :
The First Fleet sailed from Portsmouth, England. There were eleven small ships in the First Fleet: two naval ships, six convict ships and three store ships for supplies. Captain Arthur Phillip was in charge of the fleet
On board were about 1300 people: 722 convicts including 17 child convicts, the soldiers who were to guard them, soldiers' wives, sailors, and ship's officers.
3 June 1787 :
Arrived at Tenerife in the Canary Islands, stayed a week and took on supplies of fresh food
5 July 1787:
Crossed the Equator
7 August 1787:
Arrived at Rio de Janeiro, stayed for a month repairing sails, collecting plants and seeds to be grown in New South Wales.
13 October 1787:
Reached Table Bay (now CapeTown), Cape of Good Hope after surviving tremendous storms in the Atlantic Ocean. Stayed a month, and took on livestock (horses, sheep, goats).
25 December 1787:
The Fleet was is now in the middle of the Indian Ocean.
1 January 1788:
Adventure Bay, Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania)
18 January 1788 :
Arrived at Botany Bay after sailing south of Van Diemen's Land, then north to New South Wales. It was decided that Botany Bay was not a suitable site for the settlement because water supply and soils were poor. The Fleet sailed on.
26 January 1788 :
The members of the First Fleet went ashore at Port Jackson to start a settlement. Arthur Phillip named the place of landing Sydney Cove, after Lord Sydney, an official who had helped to organise the voyage.
Establishing a colony
The male convicts began to arrive on 27 January 1788 and promptly began to clear the trees, put up tents, unload food stores and animals, sow vegetable seeds and corn. A short while after, on 6 February 1788, the female convicts began arriving from Botany Bay and thus the new colony was built.
The Governor of the colony was to be Captain Phillip, who then began to design and construct permanent framework and farms, storehouses, a hospital and a church. A residence was constructed for the governor to live in, and was named the Government House. As of November 1788, a new settlement was established over in Parramatta, where the soil was deemed more fertile. Yet another settlement was then founded at Toongabbie. Timber and flax, which was ideal to make sails, meant that Norfolk Island was also settled upon.
The male convicts began to arrive on 27 January 1788 and promptly began to clear the trees, put up tents, unload food stores and animals, sow vegetable seeds and corn. A short while after, on 6 February 1788, the female convicts began arriving from Botany Bay and thus the new colony was built.
The Governor of the colony was to be Captain Phillip, who then began to design and construct permanent framework and farms, storehouses, a hospital and a church. A residence was constructed for the governor to live in, and was named the Government House. As of November 1788, a new settlement was established over in Parramatta, where the soil was deemed more fertile. Yet another settlement was then founded at Toongabbie. Timber and flax, which was ideal to make sails, meant that Norfolk Island was also settled upon.
Aboriginals and the invasion of the first fleet
When the First Fleet arrived to what was declared as "Sydney Cove", the land had not been uninhabited as originally thought. This land was, and had been for a very long time, home of the Eora and Dharug peoples who had now been made British subjects with the raising of the Union Jack. All Indigenous land was now declared British territory. Unfortunately, this caused unrest, as the Indigenous peoples had their own laws, own families, clans and language groups.
The arrival of the British had now caused a process which resulted in loss of land, hunting grounds and way of life for the Indigenous peoples. Diseases such as smallpox became prominent among them and these were diseases previously unknown to the Indigenous peoples before. Thousands and thousands of Indigenous peoples had subsequently lost their lives as a result. Competition became rife between the British and Indigenous peoples for clean water and food supplies. Many sacred sites were destroyed in the establishment of the settlement as the British rapidly extended control over the land.
When the First Fleet arrived to what was declared as "Sydney Cove", the land had not been uninhabited as originally thought. This land was, and had been for a very long time, home of the Eora and Dharug peoples who had now been made British subjects with the raising of the Union Jack. All Indigenous land was now declared British territory. Unfortunately, this caused unrest, as the Indigenous peoples had their own laws, own families, clans and language groups.
The arrival of the British had now caused a process which resulted in loss of land, hunting grounds and way of life for the Indigenous peoples. Diseases such as smallpox became prominent among them and these were diseases previously unknown to the Indigenous peoples before. Thousands and thousands of Indigenous peoples had subsequently lost their lives as a result. Competition became rife between the British and Indigenous peoples for clean water and food supplies. Many sacred sites were destroyed in the establishment of the settlement as the British rapidly extended control over the land.
Why settle in Australia?
The First Fleet, commanded by Arthur Phillip RN, came to what Captain James Cook had named "New South Wales" in 1788 because Cook & Sir Joseph Banks had recommended to King George the Third that it would be a good place for an overseas colony/settlement & if the British didn't get there first the French would
In fact when Phillip made landfall in Botany Bay in January 1788
3 French Warships arrived about a week later.
The First Fleet, commanded by Arthur Phillip RN, came to what Captain James Cook had named "New South Wales" in 1788 because Cook & Sir Joseph Banks had recommended to King George the Third that it would be a good place for an overseas colony/settlement & if the British didn't get there first the French would
In fact when Phillip made landfall in Botany Bay in January 1788
3 French Warships arrived about a week later.
The ships:
The Fleet consisted of six convict ships, three store ships, two men -o-war ships with a total of 756 convicts (564 male, 192 female), 550 officers/marines/ship crew and their families.
The six convict ships were:
The Alexander
The Charlotte
The Lady Penrhyn
The Friendship
The Prince of Wales
The Scarborough
Other ships of the Fleet were:
H.M.S. Sirius
H.M.S. Supply
The Fishburn
The Borrowdale
The Golden Grove
The Fleet consisted of six convict ships, three store ships, two men -o-war ships with a total of 756 convicts (564 male, 192 female), 550 officers/marines/ship crew and their families.
The six convict ships were:
The Alexander
The Charlotte
The Lady Penrhyn
The Friendship
The Prince of Wales
The Scarborough
Other ships of the Fleet were:
H.M.S. Sirius
H.M.S. Supply
The Fishburn
The Borrowdale
The Golden Grove
Relevant source of information
http://www.scootle.edu.au/ec/search?accContentId=ACHHK079&userlevel=(4)
http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-14_u-179_t-524_c-1953/the-first-fleet-the-process-of-colonisation/nsw/history/the-arrival-of-the-british/aboriginal-colonisation-and-contact
http://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/first-australians-episode-1/clip1/#
http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime-history/ott1788/
http://www.historyaustralia.org.au/ifhaa/ships/1stfleet.htm
http://www.scootle.edu.au/ec/search?accContentId=ACHHK079&userlevel=(4)
http://www.scootle.edu.au/ec/search?accContentId=ACHHK079&userlevel=(4)
http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-14_u-179_t-524_c-1953/the-first-fleet-the-process-of-colonisation/nsw/history/the-arrival-of-the-british/aboriginal-colonisation-and-contact
http://aso.gov.au/titles/documentaries/first-australians-episode-1/clip1/#
http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime-history/ott1788/
http://www.historyaustralia.org.au/ifhaa/ships/1stfleet.htm
http://www.scootle.edu.au/ec/search?accContentId=ACHHK079&userlevel=(4)